What is the primary weather hazard associated with thunderstorms?

The primary weather hazard associated with thunderstorms is severe turbulence and wind shear, which can present significant risks to aircraft. Thunderstorms cause various atmospheric disturbances characterized by strong updrafts and downdrafts, leading to turbulent conditions both within and around the storm. These abrupt changes in wind speed and direction can create wind shear, which is particularly hazardous during takeoff and landing phases of flight. Pilots need to be aware of these factors as they can lead to loss of control or unexpected altitude changes.

While other hazards like lightning and hail, as well as low visibility due to heavy rain, are serious considerations during thunderstorms, they are typically secondary to the critical effects of turbulence and wind shear on aircraft performance and safety. Similarly, strong crosswinds can arise from thunderstorms but are not the primary concern; the turbulent characteristics of the storm and associated wind shear pose a more direct and immediate threat to flight operations.